Information Technology

What is software?
Software refers to the non-physical aspect which includes the operating of systems, applications and programs. Without software, hardware is useless. Software consists of a series or instructions that tells the computer what to do. You cannot touch software.

Types of Software
There are different types of software. The two main types are:

• System Software
• Application Software

Examples of Software

Some examples of software are:

• Adobe reader
• Internet Explorer
• Google Chrome
• Skype
• Microsoft Word
• AutoCAD
• Linux

Photosynthesis & Foods

• Photosynthesis is the most important chemical reaction in the world.

• Photosynthesis takes place mainly in the leaves of green plants.

• Chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun.

• Light splits up water into hydrogen and oxygen.

• Plants convert part of the sun's energy that falls on them into chemical energy.

• The factors necessary for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll and light.

• The leaf is specially adapted for the process of photosynthesis.

• The products of photosynthesis are carbohydrates and oxygen.

• Plants store food in their leaves, stems and/or roots.

• Food nutrients can be divided into different types. The main types are proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

• Carbohydrates and fats provide energy while proteins are used for growth and for the replacement of worn-out and dead cells.

• The lack of the right types of nutrients in the daily diet may result in deficiency diseases.

• Foods containing starch turn blue-black when iodine solution is added.

• Protein gives a purple coloration with sodium hydroxide and weak copper sulphate solution. An orange-red/rust-brown precipitate indicates the presence of reducing sugar in substances when Benedict's solution is added and they are heated.

Leisure

 

What is leisure?

Leisure can be described as recreational activities, rest and relaxation. It is the free time away from business, work, school, domestic chores and other tasks. Leisure is a set of activities that people engage in during their free time or activities that does not involve work. Leisure is also time spent for enjoyment.

What is rest?

Rest means to stop work or movement in order to relax, sleep or recover strength. Rest is very important for the human body.

What is recreation?

Recreation is an activity that people engage in during their free time that they would usually enjoy. It is also an activity of leisure.

Leisure Activities that Youths and Seniors can be involved in.

Some leisure activities youths can be involved in are:

• Swimming
• Reading
• Painting
• Cycling 
• Shopping
• Playing Sports

 
Some leisure activities seniors can be involved in are:

• Fishing 
• Gardening
• Knitting
• Playing Chess
• Watching Television
• Reading Newspaper

Milk Part 2

Sources of Milk
There are different sources of milk. The various animals which produces milk are:

1.Buffalo

 

2. Camel 

 

3. Cow 

4. Goat

 

 5. Sheep

 

The following above are only a few examples of the animals that produces milk. Other animals would include the yak, ewes, mares, reindeer, etc.

Scientific Instruments Part 2

Periscope- An instrument used for enabling persons inside a submarine to see objects above the surface of the water. 

 

Seismograph- An instrument used for detecting earthquakes.

Camera- An instrument used for taking photographs.

 

Speedometer- An instrument used for measuring the speed of a motor car.

 

Metronome- An instrument used for beating time during a musical performance. 

TO BE CONTINUED...

Mammals: Hippopotamus

Hippopotamus
The common hippopotamus is a large, herbivorous mammal that belongs to the Hippopotamidae family. The name “hippopotamus” comes from a Greek word meaning “water horse” or “river horse.” After the elephant and rhinoceros, the hippo is the world's third largest land animal.

 

The Hippopotamus' Appearance

Hippos are really big! They can grow up to 10 feet long, 5 feet high at the shoulder, and 7000 pounds. Many of the Hippo's features enable them to spend a lot of time in the water. Their eyes, ears, and nose are all at the top of their head. This works out well because it helps them to be almost totally submerged under the water, but at the same time they can listen and watch for predators. They also have a clear membrane that covers their eyes and helps them to see under water. When they go under water, they can hold their breath for a long time.

Parts of a Hippo

The Hippopotamus' Behaviour

With the exception of eating, most of the hippopotamus' lives – from childbirth, fighting with other hippos, to reproduction – occurs in the water. Hippos leave the water at dusk and travel inland, sometimes up to 10 km, to graze on short grasses, their main source of food. They spend four to five hours grazing and can consume 68 kg (150 lb) of grass each night. Hippo are born with sterile intestines, and require bacteria obtained from their mothers' feces to digest vegetation. Hippos often live in large groups of up to 40 hippos. Sometimes there may be a few young males included the group.

The Reproduction of a Hippopotamus
Female hippos reach sexual maturity at five to six years of age and have a gestation period of eight months. Mating occurs in the water, with the female submerged for most of the encounter, her head emerging periodically to draw breath. Baby hippos are born underwater at a weight between 25 and 50 kg (55 and 110 lb) and an average length of around 127 cm (4.17 ft), and must swim to the surface to take their first breaths. A mother typically gives birth to only one calf, although twins also occur. A hippo baby is called a calf.

A calf

Fun Facts about Hippopotamus

• It is the second heaviest land animal after the elephant.
• A group of hippos is usually called a bloat, pod, or herd.
• There have been reports of a few large hippo herds of close to 200 hippos.
• Their sweat is thick and red, making it look like they are sweating blood (don't worry, it's not really blood). 

Egyptian History Part 12

EGYPTIAN ARTIFACTS

Continued...

• A shabti- Shabti figures were statuettes, usually in the form of a mummy. The Egyptians believed that these would magically carry out any work they had to do in the 'afterlife' (when they had died).

• An Amulet- the eye of horus- An amulet could also be called a lucky charm. They were often made to represent one of the many different gods that the Egyptians believed in. This amulet represents 'Horus' who was one of the most powerful gods. He had a man's body and a hawk's head.
  A lot of amulets have been found in Egyptian tombs as they were wrapped up with body in order to protect it from evil.

• A Headrest -This wooden object was used as a type of Egyptian pillow. It doesn't look very comfortable because the padding is missing from the part that touches your head. Some were plain and some were beautifully carved. Headrests were also used to support the heads of the dead to keep evil spirits from entering from the ground, into the body.

• An Ancient mirror- The mirror is made out of a metal called bronze which is a mixture of copper and tin. The scientific name for a mixture of metals is 'alloy'. The mirror was made by beating a lump of bronze until it was as thin as a sheet of cardboard. Then it was polished to make it shiny enough to reflect the light back from your face. Sometimes these mirrors had handles made out of bone or ivory.